病理性近视脉络膜新生血管的诊断与治疗

病理性近视是全世界范围内引起患者视力下降的主要原因之一,在亚洲国家尤为多见。而脉络膜新生血管是病理性近视的最严重并发症之一,它可以引起眼底黄斑区病变,导致视力下降,出现中心暗点,视物变形,视野缺损等,如长期不治疗可能导致失明。光学相干断层扫描、光学相干断层扫描血管成像、荧光素眼底血管造影等检查方法在诊断病理性近视继发的脉络膜新生血管中起到很大帮助,可以较为明确的显示新生血管的位置,大小等,不论其是否处于活动期。目前对于病理性近视引起的脉络膜新生血管主要治疗方法有光动力治疗及抗血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)治疗,近年来,玻璃体腔内注射抗VEGF药物成为病理性近视与脉络膜新生血管的首选治疗方法,通过减少新生血管的形成,减轻黄斑区水肿,从而达到改善视力及更好的预后效果。论文主要综合整理近期关于病理性近视脉络膜新生血管的诊断及治疗的研究,为临床工作提供帮助。     

An ultrasonographic monitoring of skin condition in patients receiving radiotherapy for head and neck cancers

Radiodermatitis is one of the commonest side effects of radiotherapy. They are usually assessed by semi‐quantitative clinical scores, which are not validated and may be subject to inter‐observer variability. A few previous studies suggested that high‐frequency ultrasonography (HF‐USG) is useful in the assessment of the acute phase of radiation dermatitis in breast cancer patients. (a) To monitor skin changes by HF‐USG during the course of radiotherapy due to head and neck cancers, and (b) to determine whether there is any connection between skin sonograms and the skin scoring criteria. This prospective, observational study includes patients diagnosed with head and neck cancers, treated with radiotherapy or concomitant chemoradiation. The final analysis includes six patients. In every patient, the HF‐USG as well as dermatological assessment (target lesion score—TLS and CACE v. 4.0) were performed 4×: before, in the middle, day after, and 3 months after radiotherapy. There were significant differences between non‐irradiated skin thickness and thickness of skin with clinically obvious radiodermatitis (TLS grade 1‐4; P < .0001), as well as between irradiated, unchanged skin thickness (TLS grade 0) and thickness of skin with clinically obvious radiodermatitis (TLS grade 1‐4; P = .0002). There was no significant difference between non‐irradiated and irradiated, unchanged skin thickness (TLS grade 0; P = .9318). In four patients, we demonstrated subepidermal low echogenic band (SLEB). HF‐USG can be useful tool to noninvasive and objective assessment of skin changes during radiotherapy.     

Association between head and neck cancer and sexually transmitted diseases: a Danish nationwide,case-control study

Abstract

Background: An association between sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) and occurrence of head and neck cancer (HNC) is proposed.

Aims/objectives: We aimed to determine the association between selected STDs (syphilis, gonorrhoea, HIV) and HNC.

Materials and methods: Patients diagnosed with HNC in Denmark between 1978 and 2014 identified through the Danish Cancer Registry were included. Patients were age- and sex-matched in a 1:10 ratio with general population controls. Uni- and multivariate analyses were performed using the Cox regression model to assess the correlation between STD and HNC.

Results: A total of 39,405 HNC patients (63% men; 63.0 years at HNC diagnosis) and 393,238 controls were included. STD in HNC patients was 0.27%, vs. 0.11% in controls. Patients with cancer of the upper airways had a significantly higher prevalence of an STD prior to the HNC compared to controls. Most HNC patients with a prior STD (64.1%) developed the HNC within five years after the STD diagnosis.

Conclusions: Although the studied STDs are rare, patients with cancer of the upper aerodigestive tract more commonly had a previous diagnosis of STD compared to controls. The study promotes the hypothesis that a causal link exists between STD and HNC.     

CLDN16 基因突变致家族性低镁血症高钙尿症与肾钙质沉着症1 例报告并文献复习

目的探讨家族性低镁血症高钙尿症和肾钙质沉着症(FHHNC)的临床特征和致病基因特点。方法分析1例2月龄FHHNC女性患儿的临床资料。结果患儿血镁低,尿钙高;肾脏超声提示肾髓质回声增强;多次尿培养大肠埃希菌。基因测序显示患儿CLDN16基因2处杂合变异c.324+1GC,c.317CT(p.Ser 106 Phe)。予抗感染及25%硫酸镁、门冬氨酸钾镁、10%枸橼酸钠口服治疗,病情好转。结论 FHHNC罕见且预后差,目前除肾移植外无特殊治疗方法,基因检测有助于早期诊断。